Ebstein Anomaly - ijarety.in

TITLE	Ebstein Anomaly
ABSTRACT	The rare congenital heart condition known as Ebstein anomaly (EA) can manifest in a variety of ways. Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac defect, accounting for approximately 1% of all congenital heart disease. It is characterized by malformations in the tricuspid valve especially failure of valve leaflet delamination and variable degrees of apical displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets, which lead to arterialization of part of the right ventricle and significant tricuspid regurgitation. The anatomical and functional heterogeneity in right ventricular morphology contributes to a broad clinical spectrum, from severely symptomatic neonates to asymptomatic adults. Prognostic factors associated with worse outcomes include severe tricuspid regurgitation, marked right ventricle dilation, reduced right ventricular function, presence of associated defects, and late age at intervention. For asymptomatic patients, medical therapy and observation are frequently advised, and they may be effective for many years. Emerging areas in research include optimal timing of intervention, refinement in imaging‐based prognostication, regenerative therapies, and strategies to mitigate right ventricular myopathy. This review synthesizes current knowledge of Ebstein anomaly—from pathophysiology, diagnosis, and imaging, to surgical and medical management—and outlines future directions to improve outcomes in this heterogeneous patient population.
AUTHOR	Hema Rani, Ruhit Ashraf, Prince Kumar Associate Professor, S. Lal Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Punjab, India S. Lal Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Punjab, India Pursuing B. Pharmacy, S. Lal Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Punjab, India
PUBLICATION DATE	2025-11-01
VOLUME	12
DOI	10.15680/IJARETY.2025.1205017
PDF	17_Ebstein Anomaly.pdf
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